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Freshwater is a large village and civil parish〔(English Parishes & Welsh Communities N&C 2004 )〕〔Some sources describe Freshwater as a town (), and since 1974 any civil parish has the right to declare itself as a town, but it does not appear on the List of towns in England.〕 at the western end of the Isle of Wight, England. Freshwater Bay is a small cove on the south coast of the Island which also gives its name to the nearby part of Freshwater.〔Freshwater Bay was previously known as Freshwater Gate ((''Local Area'' ), (Freshwater Bay Residents Association ) website)〕 Freshwater sits at the western end of the region known as the Back of the Wight or the West Wight which is a popular tourist area.〔http://www.freshwater.shalfleet.net〕 Freshwater is close to steep chalk cliffs. It was the birthplace of physicist Robert Hooke and was the home of Poet Laureate Alfred Lord Tennyson. ==Landmarks== The "Arch Rock" was a well-known local landmark〔(The Arch and Stag rocks 1903 ), Steve Shafleet, (Isle of Wight Historic Postcards ) website, 15 January 2007〕 that collapsed on 25 October 1992.〔(Page showing bookmark commemorating the fall of the Arch Rock, giving exact date )〕 The neighbouring "Stag Rock" is so named because supposedly a stag leaped to the rock from the cliff to escape during a hunt. Another huge slab fell off the cliff face in 1968, and is now known as the "Mermaid Rock".〔(''Freshwater Isle of Wight'' ), Steve Shafleet, showing the Mermaid Rock and Arch Rock and other images, (Isle of Wight Historic Postcards ) website, 15 January 2007〕〔(''Freshwater Gallery'' ), Steve Shafleet, showing the Arch Rock, Freshwater Caves and other images, (Isle of Wight Historic Postcards ) website, 31 December 2005〕 Freshwater's beach is very popular. It is mostly sandy but it is also covered in chalk from the nearby cliffs, which is frequently gathered by tourists as souvenirs. The hills above Freshwater are named after Tennyson. On the nearby Tennyson Down is a Cornish granite cross erected in 1897 in tribute to Tennyson, "by the people of Freshwater, and other friends in England and America." There is also a hill in the area called 'Hooke Hill', named for Robert Hooke. All Saints' Church, Freshwater〔(''Freshwater Church and Causeway'' ), Steve Shafleet, (Isle of Wight Historic Postcards ) website, 23 March 2007〕 is one of the oldest churches on the Isle of Wight, and was listed in the Domesday survey of 1086.〔(''Freshwater, All Saints'' ), Steve Noyes, (Welcome to Steve Noyes' web page: Here you will find a load of my bellringing programs, compositions and so on. )〕〔(''All Saints, Freshwater'' ), ©1998-2008 UK Church Directory Ltd〕〔(''All Saints, Freshwater'' ), photoset on Flickr, 30 Sep 2007.〕 Mark Whatson is the pastor of All Saints, which is an Anglican church〔(''Church of England, Freshwater, All Saints and St Agnes'' ), (Official Isle of Wight website )〕 in the Anglican Diocese of Portsmouth. A primary school associated with the church is nearby.〔(All Saints Church of England Primary School, Hampshire official website )〕 There is a marble memorial commemorating Tennyson in All Saints Church. Tennyson's wife Emily and other family members are buried in the church cemetery. The church is also the site of a memorial to Tennyson's son, Lionel Tennyson, who died of malaria in 1886. Dimbola Lodge, the home of Julia Margaret Cameron and now a photographic museum, is in the village of Freshwater Bay, which is part of Freshwater. There is also a tearoom and bookstore. Tennyson's son, Hallam donated land for a new church in Freshwater Bay. Hallam's wife Audrey suggested that the church be named for St. Agnes. St. Agnes' Church, Freshwater was consecrated on 12 August 1908.〔(''Freshwater Isle of Wight'' Page 2 ), Steve Shafleet, (Isle of Wight Historic Postcards ) website, 26 December 2006〕 It is the only thatched church on the Isle of Wight.〔(''St Agnes Church, Freshwater Bay, Isle of Wight'' ), Norman Atkinson, Flickr website, 14 January 2008.〕〔(''West Wight'' ), (Official Isle of Wight Tourism ), 2007〕〔(''St Agnes Church, Freshwater Bay, Isle of Wight'' ), Mark Collins and Alan Loze, (Roughwood website ), 2003〕 Freshwater was the site of the largest station on the Freshwater, Yarmouth and Newport Railway that operated from 20 July 1889 to 21 September 1953.〔(''Freshwater Station'' ), Nick Catford, (Disused Stations ) website, updated 20 March 2006〕〔(''The Freshwater, Yarmouth and Newport Railway'' ), Steve Shafleet, (Isle of Wight Historic Postcards ) website, 24 August 2005〕 The station location is now occupied by a supermarket and garden centre.〔(''Freshwater Station (then and now)'' ), Steve Shafleet, (Isle of Wight Historic Postcards ) website, 24 August 2005〕 Freshwater is near the source of the Western Yar, a river whose estuary runs north to Yarmouth. Freshwater Marshes are a Site of Special Scientific Interest, and a large part of the Marshes are also a Local Nature Reserve called Afton Marshes. At the western end of Freshwater Bay on a bluff are the remains of Fort Redoubt, also known as Fort Freshwater or Freshwater Redoubt, a Palmerston Fort. Fort Redoubt was built in 1855-1856 to protect Freshwater Bay, and was in use until the early 20th century. It was sold by the military in 1928. Presently, part of it is a private residence, and other portions are being developed as holiday flats. Two unusual structures that have been described as ice houses, pottery kilns or crematoria are found on Moons Hill in Freshwater. Robert Walker was the first to excavate these features in the 1890s, and he thought they were evidence of a Phoenician settlement in Freshwater. Chemical analyses suggest that they were most likely lime kilns.〔(''What are the Moons Hill Structures?'' ), Roger Hewitt, (Isle of Wight History Center ), December 2000〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Freshwater, Isle of Wight」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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